Dentistry simplified

    HABIT ( THUMB AND DIGIT SUCKING)   What is habit?  Tendency towards an act that has become a repeated performance, relatively fixed, consistent and easy  to perform by an individual.  THUMB AND DIGIT SUCKING- Placement of the thumb or one or more fingers in varying depths into the mouth.  It is normal till the age of 3 1/2- 4 years.  ETIOLOGY- 1)Freudian theory- a) Proposed by sigmond freud. b) In the oral phase, it is believed to be ORO- EROTIC ZONE. ( The child has the tendency bto place his fingers or other object into the oral cavity.) 2) Oral drive theory of sears and wise - Prolonged suckling can lead to thumb sucking. 3) Benjamin's theory- Movement of head and tongue  towards an object that touches his cheek .  4) Psychological aspect- Children deprived of parenteral love, care and affection resort to this habit.  5) Learned pattern- According to this thumb sucking ...

                  MIDLINE DIASTEMA What is Midline Diastema?  It refers to Anterior midline spacing between the two maxillary central incisiors.  CAUSES/ ETIOLOGY- 1) MIDLINE PATHOLOGY- Midline diastema may occur because of of some soft tissue and hard tissue  pathologies such as cyst, tumor and odontomes .  2) IATROGENIC- Midline diastema occurs when rapid maxillary expansion is undertaken.  3) TOOTH MATERIAL ARCH- LENGTH DISCREPANCY- Conditions such as missing teeth, microdontia and extraction.  4) TRANSIENT MALOCCLUSION- As seen in ugly duckling stage.  5) PRESSURE HABITS- Such as thumb sucking, tongue thrusting predispose to midline diastema.  6) ABNORMAL FRENAL ATTACHMENT- Presence of thick and fleshy labial frenum.  7) UNERUPTED MESIODENS- Presence of an unerupted mesiodens between the two central incisiors pre...

                  HABIT (   BRUXISM)  BRUXISM-    Grinding of teeth for non functional purposes is called as Bruxism.  BRUXISM-  NOCTURNAL  GRINDING BRUXOMANIA-  GRINDING DURING THE DAY TIME.  ETIOLOGY/ CAUSES 1) Psychological and Emotional stresses.  2) Occlusal interference between centric relation  and centric occlusion.  3) Pericoronitis.  CLINICAL FEATURES- 1) TMJ pain and discomfort.  2) Occlusal wear facets.  3) Fracture of the teeth and Restoration.  4) Mobility of teeth.  5) Muscle pain when the patient wakes up in the morning.  DIAGNOSIS- 1) HISTORY 2) CLINICAL EXAMINATION 3) USE OF ARTICULATING PAPERS-  To check occlusal Prematurites. TREATMENT- 1) Psychological Counselling.  2) Hypnosis, Relaxing exercise and masssage.  3) Use of N...

HABIT (MOUTH BREATHING HABIT)  Mouth breathing has been attributed as a possible etiological factor for malocclusion.  CLASSIFICATION OF MOUTH  BREATHERS- Mouth breathers can be classified into 3 tapes 1) ANATOMIC 2) HABITUAL 3) OBSTRUCTIVE 1) ANATOMIC- An anatomic mouth breathers is one whose lip morphology does not permit complete closure of the mouth, such as a patient having short upper lip.  2) HABITUAL A habitual mouth breather is one who  continues to breathe through his mouth even though the nasal obstruction is removed.  3) OBSTRUCTIVE  obstruction of the nasal passage  that is complete Or partial can result in mouth breathing.  Causes of Nasal obstruction- 1) Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa.  2) Allergic reaction of nasal mucosa.  3) Localized benign tumors.  4) Deviated nasal septum.  5) Obstructive adenoids.  6)...

   HABIT (  TONGUE THRUST HABIT)  It is defined as condition in which the tongue makes contact with any teeth anterior to the molars during swallowing.  ETIOLOGY Fletcher has proposed the following factors being the cause for tongue thrusting.  1) Learned behavior  Tongue thrust can be acquired as a habit. The pre disposing factors are- a) Tenderness of gum or teeth.  b) Improper bottle feeding.  c) Prolonged thumb sucking.  d) Prolonged tonsillar and upper respiratory tract infections.  2) Genetic factors Some of the anatomic or neuromuscular variations in the oro -facial region that can precipitate tongue thrust. Ex- Hypertonic orbicularis oris activity.  3) Maturational Infantile swallow changes to maturational swallow, once the posterior deciduous teeth are erupting.  4) Mechanical restrictions Conditions such as Macroglosssia, constricted dental arches, en...

      BRACES OR INVISALIGN   Dental professionals uses braces or Invisalign in straightening the teeth of their patients.Teeth straightening is done to give them an ideal position, improve their look, and promote proper function. Invisalign utilizes a set of clear plastic trays as a means of achieving the position. While braces,  usually make use of metal wires with an aim of getting the most ideal movement or position for the teeth. Pros of Invisalign- 1•  Comfort : Invisalign is much more physically comfortable to wear. you don’t have to worry about getting any painful nicks or cuts in your mouth because  there are no wires or brackets.They are smooth and won’t irritate your mouth.  2. More Attractive : Since Invisalign is clear, it doesn’t leave you with a mouth full of metal. In other words, they are more attractive to the eye, and most people won’t even know you are wearing them.  3. Convenience : Invisalign has...

                   IMPACTED TEETH What is a Impacted teeth?  An impacted teeth is the one whose normal eruption is impeded in the mouth and it fails to assume it's normal anatomical arch relationships.. Such a tooth does not gain it's position even beyond the chronological eruption date.  Causes/Etiology- Causes of  Impaction can be broadly divided into local and systemic causes.  Local causes- 1) Irregularities in position of tooth especially when it buries under crown of adjacent tooth.  2) Increased density of the overlying or surrounding bone.  3) Increased density of the overlying mucosa due to chronic inflammation.  4) Problem of space in the jaw due to Underdevelopment.  5) Early extraction of deciduous predecessor followed by drifting of adjacent teeth.  6) over retention of deciduous teeth.  7) Infection of the bone.  Sys...