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HABIT (MOUTH BREATHING HABIT)

HABIT (MOUTH BREATHING HABIT) 




Mouth breathing has been attributed as a possible etiological factor for malocclusion. 

CLASSIFICATION OF MOUTH  BREATHERS-

Mouth breathers can be classified into 3 tapes


1) ANATOMIC

2) HABITUAL

3) OBSTRUCTIVE


1) ANATOMIC-

An anatomic mouth breathers is one whose lip morphology does not permit complete closure of the mouth, such as a patient having short upper lip. 


2) HABITUAL

A habitual mouth breather is one who  continues to breathe through his mouth even though the nasal obstruction is removed. 

 3) OBSTRUCTIVE

  •  obstruction of the nasal passage  that is complete Or partial can result in mouth breathing. 


Causes of Nasal obstruction-

1) Chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa. 

2) Allergic reaction of nasal mucosa. 

3) Localized benign tumors. 

4) Deviated nasal septum. 

5) Obstructive adenoids. 

6) Nasal polyps. 

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY-


During oral respiration, the following 3 changes in the posture occur

1) Lowering of the mandible. 

2) Positioning the tongue downwards and forwards. 

3) Tipping back of the head. 



CLINICAL FEATURE OF MOUTH BREATHING-


Long Face syndrome/ Classic adenoid Faces

Type of malocclusion often associated with mouth breathing is called long face syndrome / classic adenoid facies. 


1) Blank or expression less face. 

2) Anterior open bite can occur. 

3) Dryness of mouth predisposes to caries. 

4) Narrow nose and nasal passage. 

5) Anterior Marginal gingivitis. 

6) Increased overjet. 

7) Long and narrow face. 

8) Short and flaccid upper lip.

DIAGNOSIS  OF MOUTH BREATHING-


1) HISTORY-

From patient as well as parents. 

2) CLINICAL EXAMINATION-

Mirror test, water test.

3) CEPHALOMETRICS -

Helps in establishing the amount of nasopharyngeal space and size of adenoids.

4) RHINOMANOMETRY-

These devices helps in  estimation of airflow through the  nasal passage and nasal resistance.


MANAGEMENT OF MOUTH BREATHING-


1) REMOVAL OF NASAL OR PHARYNGEAL OBSTRUCTION. 



2) INTERCEPTION OF THE HABIT

 By use of  vestibular screen. 
3) RAPID MAXILLARY EXPANSION

 To increase the nasal airflow and decrease the nasal resistance. 
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