Dentistry simplified

                          VITAMIN B 12  It is also known as Anti-pernicious anemia vitamin.  It is a unique vitamin synthesized by only microorganisms and not by animals and plants.  CHEMISTRY- The empirical formula of vitamin B12( cyanocobalamin) is  C63H90N14O14PCo.  The structure of vitamin B12 consist of corrin ring with a central cobalt atom.  There are 2 coenzyme forms of vitamin B12 a) Methyl cobalamin In which cyanide is replaced by methyl group.  b) 5-Deoxyadenosyl cobalamin- Cyanide is replaced by 5 deoxyadenosine forming an unusual carbon cobalt bond.   ABSORPTION, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE- The vitamin B12 is present in the diet in a bound form to proteins. B12 is liberated by the enzymes ( acid hydrolases) in the stomach. The dietary source of B12 is known as extrinsic factor of castle. The stomach secretes a special protein called intrinsic factor (IF). The cobalamin ...

                 MOUTHWASHES    TO RINSE THE MOUTH, MOUTHWASHES ARE USED. MOUTHWASHES can be used for both therapeutic or cosmetics purposes.  THERAPEUTIC MOUTHWASHES-  These MOUTHWASHES are formulated to reduce Gingivitis,stomatitis, dental caries and plaque.  COSMETIC MOUTHWASHES-  These mouthwashes are used to reduce bad breath through the use of antimicrobial or flavouring agents.  MOUTHWASHES GENERALLY CONTAINS 5 GROUPS- 1) HUMECTANTS 2) ALCOHOL 3) FLAVORS 4) SURFACTANTS 5) COLOURING AGENTS 1) HUMECTANTS- Such as glycerine and sorbitol. They form 5-20% of mouthwash. Increase the viscosity of preparation. Enhance the sweetness of the product. Along with ethanol, it improves the preservative qualities of the product.  2) ALCOHOL- It forms 10-20% of mouthwash. It function as solubilizing, preservative and flavouring agents. It enhances the flavour and provides certain sharpness to the taste.  3) ...