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HABIT ( THUMB AND DIGIT SUCKING)

    HABIT ( THUMB AND DIGIT SUCKING) 

 What is habit? 

Tendency towards an act that has become a repeated performance, relatively fixed, consistent and easy  to perform by an individual. 



THUMB AND DIGIT SUCKING-

Placement of the thumb or one or more fingers in varying depths into the mouth. 

It is normal till the age of 3 1/2- 4 years. 

ETIOLOGY-

1)Freudian theory-

 a) Proposed by sigmond freud.

b) In the oral phase, it is believed to be ORO- EROTIC ZONE. ( The child has the tendency bto place his fingers or other object into the oral cavity.)

2) Oral drive theory of sears and wise -

 Prolonged suckling can lead to thumb sucking.

3) Benjamin's theory-

Movement of head and tongue  towards an object that touches his cheek. 
4) Psychological aspect-

 Children deprived of parenteral love, care and affection resort to this habit. 

5) Learned pattern-

 According to this thumb sucking is merely a learned pattern, there is no underlying cause of this.


PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT-


1) PHASE I-( Normal and subclinically significant) 

It is seen during first 3 years. 

Presence of suckling during this period is normal. 

2) PHASE II-(Clinically significant sucking) 

   Phase extends between 3-6.5 years of age. 

   Presence of sucking during this period  is an 
   Indications that the child is under great   anxiety. 

3) INTRACTABLE SUCKING

Thumb sucking persisting beyond the fourth or fiffth years of life should alert the dentist to the underlying psychological aspects of the habit. 



EFFECTS OF THUMB SUCKING-


FACTORS-


1) DURATION-  

The amount of time spent indulging in the habit. 


2) FREQUENCY-

The number of times the habit is activated in a day. 

3) INTENSITY-

The vigor with which the habit is performed.

EFFECTS-

 1) Overjet increases.

2) Supraeruption of buccal  teeth.

3) Proclined maxillary anterior.

4) Posterior cross bite.

5) Retroclined mandibular incisiors.

6) Increase mentalis activity.

7) Tongue thrust habit.

8) Hypotonic upper lip.

9) Anterior open bite.



 MANAGEMENT OF THUMB SUCKING-

 1) PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH-

 The parents should divert the child's attention to other things such as play and toys.

DUNLOP  suggests that the child should be asked to sit in front of a large mirror and asked to suck his thumb observing himself as he indulges in the habit.


2) MECHANICAL AIDS-

 It  includes crib placed palatal to maxillary incisiors. Habit breakers can be of 2 types-

1) Removable habit breakers.

2) Fixed habit breakers.

3) CHEMICAL APPROACH-
Use of bitter tasting or foul smelling preparation placed on the thumb that is sucked can make the habit distasteful.
This includes-
a) Pepper
b) quinine
C) Asofoetida.




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