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Adverse effects of penicillin

   ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PENICILLIN





Adverse effects: 

Penicillin G is one of the most non toxic antibiotics. 

a)  local irritancy and direct toxicity: 

  1. Bleeding occurs at higher doses due to interference with platelet function. 
  2. Pain at i.m injection site. Nausea - when given orally and Thrombophlebitis - when given i.v.
  3. Accidental i.v injection of procaine penicillin produces :  Microembolism, CNS stimulation, convulsions and hallucinations. 
  4. Toxicity related to brain are:  Mental confusion, convulsions and coma.
Intrathecal injection produces arachnoiditis and degenerative changes in spinal cord. 

b) Hypersensitivity: 

Frequent manifestation are:  Itching, fever,  rash and urticaria. serum sickness, exfoliative dermatitis, Angioneurotic edema and wheezing are less common. 

c) superinfection: 

Superinfection are rare because of its narrow spectrum. Though bowel, respiratory and cutaneous microflora undergo changed. 

d) Jarisch - Herxheimer reaction:  

Penicillin injected in secondary syphilis patient produce shivering, fever, myalgia and vascular collapse. 

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