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Adverse effects of chloramphenicol

               ADVERSE EFFECTS OF                                  CHLORAMPHENICOL




Mnemonics to Remember adverse effects of chloramphenicol-

Herschelle GIBbS   South African cricketer).

H-  Hypersensitivity reactions, G- Gray baby syndrome, I-  Irritative effects, B-  Bone
Marrow depression, S- superinfections. 

1.Hypersensitivity Reactions

Fever, Atrophic glossitis, Angioedema and rashes are infrequent. 

2.Gray baby syndrome

It  occurs at high doses(~100mg/kg)  in neonates especially premature. The baby stops feeding, vomited, become hypotonic and respiration becomes irregular. If gray cyanosis developed in many,  it is followed by cardiovascular collapse and death. It should be avoided in neonates and even if given doses should be ~25mg/kg/day.

3. Irritative effects

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain on injection. 

4.Bone marrow depression

It is the most common cause of aplastic anaemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Two forms are recognized-


a)  Non dose related idiosyncratic reaction: 

This is rare., unpredictable but serious and often fatal. Aplastic anaemia is the most common manifestation. 


b)Dose and duration of therapy related myelo-suppression: 

Direct toxic effects and predictable liver and kidney disease predisposes to such toxicity. 

5.Superinfections

Are similar to tetracycline but are less common. 


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